Mansi Tiwari explores the vulnerability of India’s tribal populations to climate change. The article argues that the constitutional framework, particularly the Fifth and Sixth Schedules and the Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act (PESA), has failed to adequately protect the socio- economic rights of tribes and ensure their effective participation in decision-making. By tracing the historical trajectory of tribal representation, from colonial-era policies to the deba